Risk Factors for Stroke

Article submitted by Marian Heesaker RN, BSN, MA, Director-Health Initiatives Parkview Medical Center. For more information contact the Stroke Coordinator at Parkview Medical Center at 584-4384.

Most Americans can describe what a heart attack (myocardial infarction) is when asked. They know that a lack of oxygen to the heart muscle can cause it to be injured and die. The term 'brain attack' however is now being used to describe a similar course of events with regard to the brain.

About 700,000 Americans suffer a brain attack each year, more commonly known as a stroke - i.e. a sudden injury to the brain caused by a blockage or a bursting of the blood vessels that feed the brain. What results from this blockage or bleeding is that the brain tissue also goes without oxygen, and cells die and are unable to be saved. Stroke is America's # 3 killer and a leading cause of long-term disability that leaves its victims as well as their family members facing a long, challenging road of rehabilitation and recovery.

The good news is that most strokes are preventable. Many of the risk factors for heart disease, high blood pressure (hypertension) and stroke are the same. What this means for you is that by making a few changes to your overall lifestyle, you can significantly reduce your chances of being diagnosed with one of these diseases.

Although there are multiple reasons why some people are more at risk than others, here are a few risk factors you can control:

High blood pressure. Set a goal of a blood pressure of 120/80. Blood pressure above 140/90 may require more aggressive treatment from your provider.
Don't smoke. Not only does smoke interfere with the body's ability to release oxygen to the brain tissue, but it narrows the blood vessels, and can raise your blood pressure.
High lipids. Know what your cholesterol, HDL (good) and LDL (bad) cholesterol are. Keeping your bad cholesterol low and your good cholesterol high will reduce your chances of having heart disease, or clogged arteries in the neck or brain, which can lead to stroke.
Maintain a normal body weight. Ask your provider what your BMI is. (Body Mass Index)
Learn about TIA's (transient ischemic attacks). These are "mini-strokes" that produce stroke-like symptoms without long lasting effects. There have been studies that show a relationship between frequent TIA's and an increased likelihood of a STROKE at some point.

Know the 4 C's

Can't feel. Numbness or weakness of the face, arm or leg, especially on one side of the body.

Can't move. Trouble walking, dizziness, loss of balance or coordination.

Can't talk. Confusion, trouble speaking or understanding.

Call 911 and get help, or have someone call for you.

Other symptoms of a stroke may include a sudden headache or blurred vision. When in doubt, seek assistance immediately.

This year, resolve to learn more about how you can keep yourself healthy and prevent stroke from happening to you or a family member.