What Is Age-Related Macular Degeneration?

Article submitted by Neil F Notaroberto, MD, ophthalmologist at EyeCare 20/20.
For more information, he can be reached at 504-737-3456.

Macular degeneration is damage or breakdown of the macula of the eye, a small area at the back of the eye that allows us to see fine details clearly. Macular degeneration affects both distance and close vision and can make some activities difficult or impossible.

Macular degeneration is the leading cause of severe visual loss in persons over 65 years of age. Exactly why it develops is not known, and no treatment has been uniformly effective.

What do vitamins and minerals have to do with macular degeneration?

For good health, good nutrition is required – a diet with a healthy mixture of proteins, carbohydrates, fats, vitamins and minerals. There are certain vitamins and minerals that may delay the development of macular degeneration. Some experts believe antioxidants can protect the eye from damage caused by the effect of light on the macula. These include

• Vitamins C and E
   
• Selenium (a mineral)
   
• Carotenoids (a family of compounds which includes beta carotene) especially those found in leafy green vegetables. (smokers and ex-smokers should not use beta carotene due to an association with lung cancer)

Zinc is highly concentrated in the eye. It is important for the health of the macula. Studies have shown that some older people have low levels of zinc in their blood. Some doctors think that supplements of zinc in the diet may slow down the process of macular degeneration. Copper should be taken with zinc. If you are uncertain about what you should take or how much, consult your ophthalmologist for optimal dosage.

Why are regular medical eye examinations important for everyone?

Eye disease can occur at any age. Often symptoms do not appear until the disease has done damage. Since most blindness is preventable if diagnosed and treated early, regular medical examinations by an ophthalmologist are very important.

What can be done to treat AMD?

Laser surgery, photodynamic therapy, and anti-angiogenesis therapy are some of the treatments for wet AMD. Be sure to ask your ophthalmologist what method would be best for you.